Ludwig Feuerbach

Ludwig Feuerbach
Ludwig Feuerbach
	Portrait of Feuerbach published in Die Gartenlaube, 1872
Born	Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach; 28 July 1804; Landshut, Electorate of Bavaria
Died	13 September 1872 (aged 68); Rechenberg near Nuremberg, German Empire
Education	University of Heidelberg; University of Berlin; University of Erlangen; (Ph.D./Dr. phil. habil., 1828)
Era	19th-century philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Anthropological materialism; Secular humanism; Young Hegelians (1820s)
Theses	De infinitate, unitate, atque, communitate, rationis (On the Infinitude, Unity, and Universality of Reason) (July 1828); De ratione una, universali, infinita (The One, Universal, and Infinite Reason) (November 1828);
Main interests	Philosophy of religion
Notable ideas	All theological concepts as the reifications of anthropological concepts
Signature

Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach (German: [ˈluːtvɪç ˈfɔʏɐbax];^[4]^[5] 28 July 1804 – 13 September 1872) was a German anthropologist and philosopher, best known for his book The Essence of Christianity, which provided a critique of Christianity that strongly influenced generations of later thinkers, including Charles Darwin, Karl Marx,^[6] Sigmund Freud,^[7] Friedrich Engels,^[8] Mikhail Bakunin,^[9] Richard Wagner,^[10] and Friedrich Nietzsche.^[11]

An associate of Young Hegelian circles, Feuerbach advocated atheism and anthropological materialism.^[1] Many of his philosophical writings offered a critical analysis of religion. His thought was influential in the development of historical materialism,^[6] where he is often recognized as a bridge between Hegel and Marx.^[12]

^ ^a ^b Axel Honneth, Hans Joas, Social Action and Human Nature, Cambridge University Press, 1988, p. 18.
^ Robert M. Price, Religious and Secular Humanism – What's the difference?
^ Feuerbach, Ludwig (1957). Eliot, George (ed.). The Essence of Christianity. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. 29–30. Man—this is the mystery of religion—projects his being into objectivity, and then again makes himself an object to this projected image of himself thus converted into a subject; he thinks of himself as an object to himself, but as the object of an object, of another being than himself. Thus here. Man is an object to God.
^ Dudenredaktion; Kleiner, Stefan; Knöbl, Ralf (2015) [First published 1962]. Das Aussprachewörterbuch [The Pronunciation Dictionary] (in German) (7th ed.). Berlin: Dudenverlag. pp. 367, 566. ISBN 978-3-411-04067-4.
^ Krech, Eva-Maria; Stock, Eberhard; Hirschfeld, Ursula; Anders, Lutz Christian (2009). Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch [German Pronunciation Dictionary] (in German). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 507, 711. ISBN 978-3-11-018202-6.
^ ^a ^b Nicholas Churchich, Marxism and Alienation, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1990, p. 57: "Although Marx has rejected Feuerbach's abstract materialism," Lenin says that Feuerbach's views "are consistently materialist," implying that Feuerbach's conception of causality is entirely in line with dialectical materialism."
^ Gay, Peter (1988). Freud: A Life for Our Time (1st ed.). New York: Norton. pp. 28–29. ISBN 0393025179. OCLC 16353245.
^ Engels, Friedrich (1903), Feuerbach: The Roots of the Socialist Philosophy, C.H. Kerr & Co., Chicago, p. 5
^ Uglik, Jacek (2010). "Ludwig Feuerbach's conception of the religious alienation of man and Mikhail Bakunin's philosophy of negation". Studies in East European Thought. 62 (1): 19–28. doi:10.1007/s11212-010-9098-7. ISSN 0925-9392. JSTOR 40646258.
^ Wagner, Richard (1850), The Artwork of the Future, Otto Wigand, Leipzig, p. 7
^ Higgins, Kathleen (2000), What Nietzsche Really Said, Random House, NY, p. 86
^ Harvey, Van A., "Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.).

[:0-1] Axel Honneth, Hans Joas, Social Action and Human Nature, Cambridge University Press, 1988, p. 18.

[2] Robert M. Price, Religious and Secular Humanism – What's the difference?

[3] Feuerbach, Ludwig (1957). Eliot, George (ed.). The Essence of Christianity. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. 29–30. Man—this is the mystery of religion—projects his being into objectivity, and then again makes himself an object to this projected image of himself thus converted into a subject; he thinks of himself as an object to himself, but as the object of an object, of another being than himself. Thus here. Man is an object to God.

[4] Dudenredaktion; Kleiner, Stefan; Knöbl, Ralf (2015) [First published 1962]. Das Aussprachewörterbuch [The Pronunciation Dictionary] (in German) (7th ed.). Berlin: Dudenverlag. pp. 367, 566. ISBN 978-3-411-04067-4.

[5] Krech, Eva-Maria; Stock, Eberhard; Hirschfeld, Ursula; Anders, Lutz Christian (2009). Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch [German Pronunciation Dictionary] (in German). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 507, 711. ISBN 978-3-11-018202-6.

[NC57-6] Nicholas Churchich, Marxism and Alienation, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1990, p. 57: "Although Marx has rejected Feuerbach's abstract materialism," Lenin says that Feuerbach's views "are consistently materialist," implying that Feuerbach's conception of causality is entirely in line with dialectical materialism."

[7] Gay, Peter (1988). Freud: A Life for Our Time (1st ed.). New York: Norton. pp. 28–29. ISBN 0393025179. OCLC 16353245.

[8] Engels, Friedrich (1903), Feuerbach: The Roots of the Socialist Philosophy, C.H. Kerr & Co., Chicago, p. 5

[9] Uglik, Jacek (2010). "Ludwig Feuerbach's conception of the religious alienation of man and Mikhail Bakunin's philosophy of negation". Studies in East European Thought. 62 (1): 19–28. doi:10.1007/s11212-010-9098-7. ISSN 0925-9392. JSTOR 40646258.

[Wagner-10] Wagner, Richard (1850), The Artwork of the Future, Otto Wigand, Leipzig, p. 7

[Higgins-11] Higgins, Kathleen (2000), What Nietzsche Really Said, Random House, NY, p. 86

[SEP-12] Harvey, Van A., "Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.).

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Ludwig Feuerbach
Portrait of Feuerbach published in Die Gartenlaube, 1872
Born	Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach (1804-07-28)28 July 1804 Landshut, Electorate of Bavaria
Died	13 September 1872(1872-09-13) (aged 68) Rechenberg near Nuremberg, German Empire
Education	University of Heidelberg University of Berlin University of Erlangen (Ph.D./Dr. phil. habil., 1828)

Era	19th-century philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Anthropological materialism^[1] Secular humanism^[2] Young Hegelians (1820s)
Theses	De infinitate, unitate, atque, communitate, rationis (On the Infinitude, Unity, and Universality of Reason) (July 1828) De ratione una, universali, infinita (The One, Universal, and Infinite Reason) (November 1828)
Main interests	Philosophy of religion
Notable ideas	All theological concepts as the reifications of anthropological concepts^[3]

Signature